Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Modern Day Relevance of The Declaration of Independence...

Modern Day Relevance of The Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence is one of the most important documents produced by an American thinker. Reading The Declaration of Independence presents the reader with a window into the world of revolutionary America. It conveys the dynamic nature of the time better than any written work of the period. The real importance of The Declaration of Independence lies not in the purpose for which Jefferson created it, to declare independence from Great Britain, but rather how future generations have interpreted Jeffersons words. Jeffersons document originally guaranteed basic rights for a select segment of the American population. Today it has become a document which has been†¦show more content†¦The main problem faced by Americans in the Antebellum time period was whether or not to abolish the institution of African American slavery. Many abolitionists, such as Andrew Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglas, among others, would use the moving language of The Declaration of Independe nce to attack Southern slaveholders for keeping their fellow human beings in bondage. They claimed the current government was failing to secure the rights of, life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, for a sizable portion of the American population. Clearly the fact that the creator of The Declaration of Independence owned slaves made it hard to believe that the aim of the document was to secure the rights of the African-American population. In fact, Jefferson believed that blacks were intellectually inferior to whites, and incapable of sustaining the Republic. He argued for a theory on creation that was dismissed by other intellectuals of the time called the Theory of Polygenesis. This theory was based on the assumption that God had not created humankind all at once, rather God had created the different races at different times. Jefferson believed God had created people of European origin to be superior to other races, and that people of African ancestry were not related to whites genetically. He used this theory to justify slavery even though he thought that the institution itself was detrimental to theShow MoreRelatedThe American Revolution Of The United States1721 Words   |  7 Pageswhere Thomas Paine’s Common Sens e, Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence, and a Massachusetts slave petition called Denouncing Contradictions. The goals of each of these documents, was to convince the intended audience to grant the writer of the document, the ideal that is being argued for. While the documents were made at the same time, each advocates for a different ideal. Common Sense argues for democracy, the Declaration of Independence argues for rights, and the slave petitions DenouncingRead MoreAmerican Revolutionary War : The Battle Of The War1331 Words   |  6 PagesConflict American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War was a war fought between the British Empire and Continental Army over America’s Independence After the French and Indian War. Due to the money lost in the war, England taxed the colonists heavy through acts such as the Stamp Act and Intolerable Acts. This lead to events such as the Boston Tea Party and Boston Massacre which only angered both sides more. The first battle of the war was Lexington and Concord. A major battle of the warRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation Serving As The Foundation For The Us Constitution1520 Words   |  7 Pagespeace with Great Britain, and passed the Northwest Ordinance. This document served as the foundation for the United States Constitution, which was ratified in 1787. This ratification process took place over 200 years ago. Since that time, most modern-day Americans have assumed that this great document had always been honored and respected by everyone. On the contrary, the Constitution set off months of fi erce and often bitter debate after it was written and submitted to the states for ratificationRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Views On Political Philosophy Essay3649 Words   |  15 Pagesnormative study of state, government, relationships between individual and communities, laws, rights and justice. It depends on the philosophers that can be entangled with ethics, economics and also metaphysics. Political thinkers are the pioneers of â€Å"Modern Politics† in the world. The first serious political thinkers emerged in Greece. Plato and Aristotle are two great philosophers of ancient Greece. Plato in his book â€Å"The Republic† delivers the concept of utopian society which means an imaginary societyRead MoreGovernment note Chap. 1-8 Essays4037 Words   |  17 Pagesright, and sometimes an obligation to alter their government. John Locke†¨ Question 15 According to the Declaration, it was outlining certain ________ about the rights of man and the purpose of government. Truth†¨ Question 16 The writers of the Declaration of Independence asserted that individual rights are: Unalienable Question 17 When the writers of the Declaration of Independence stated that the people are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights..., they were establishingRead MoreChristianity And Its Impact On Society2276 Words   |  10 Pagesmanaged to engrain its’ ideals into a social, political and educational belief. A religion such as Christianity is the foundation from which society lives, breathes and thinks on. There are many that dispute this yet there is some insight and relevance on how our freedom, choices and laws embody Christianity and it has done so since the beginning and still does so in the present. According to Rodney Stark it is, â€Å"Christianizing the Empire† (The Triumph of Christianity, 2011). And it is from whichRead MoreCharacteristics of Public Administration1800 Words   |  8 PagesBALOGUN | | MATRIC NUMBER:P/ND/10/3621360 DEPARTMENT:BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION CLASS:ND1 N | [ASSIGNMENT:BRIEFLY EXAMINE THE CHRACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND ITS PRIMARY OBJECTIVES REGARDING ITS ADMINISTRATIVE RELEVANCE.] CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION DEFINITION: Public Administration is a multi-dimensional discipline, defined by different authors and scholars, according to their understanding. It is viewed by each author in relation to his politicalRead MoreThe Indian Independence Movement2481 Words   |  10 Pageshistory of the Indian Independence Movement against the British in the 20th Century was evidently influenced and motivated by the underlying differences and perceptions of communal identities. The freedom struggle in essence was also an assertion of the interests and aspirations of the diverse communities of the Indian subcontinent. The Indian National Congress and the Muslim League were the two big powers that sought to mobilize public sentiments in the quest for Independence. While the Muslim LeagueRead More The Magna Carta Essay2236 Words   |  9 Pagesobligated to the king in several ways. The problem was that this feudal system was open to abuse by any non-benevolent king3 (The Text). Barons swore obedience and loyalty and provided knights for military service as needed. During the earlier days of feudalism, barons managed to provide the king with knights by dividing their lands into smaller parcels of estates as payment to tenants who could provide military service. By the time of the reign of King John, the obligation to serve was convenientlyRead MoreOrigin of International Law5357 Words   |  22 Pagesconduct of States in their inter course with one another† 5 All the definitions are subject to severe criticism due to which no single definition has been propounded. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT: In the view of European Scholars, modern International Law is determined by the modern European system. According to Oppenheim , International Law is â€Å"essentially a product of Christian civilization, and began gradually to grow from the second half of the middle ages.†6 This view is subject to criticism because

Monday, December 23, 2019

Early Childhood Childhood Development - 1494 Words

Rahima hashimi Professor Marilyn Damato ENG-5062 Due date:9 august 2017 Early childhood development Early childhood is the the time period when a child opens his eyes in the world and it continues upto the age of 8 years old (Masten et al. â€Å"NAME OF ARTICLE†)This is really the time in which the brain of the child starts growing and basis for the subsequences of development. Early childhood period starts at home the very first stages of life. Parents have a great role in childhood development. Then the second factor or place which has great effects on childhood development is the school or daycares. Healthy childhood development includes the physical,social,emotional,and languages development (Masten et al.pdf). The children must†¦show more content†¦The kids learn faster than the adults,because their brain is like blank sheet and they gather knowledge and informations that we gave.Educating the kids is necessary in early age,because it teaches them the value of discipline and well being.That s why home is the very basic school for young kids and parents are the primary teachers for children. Life is full of challenges and they need to gather information to be able to find solution for challenges they face in life.On the other hand mental development is also interconnected with the physical development of the child. Brain starts developing from the first stage of child opens his eyes. Informations are collected and send to the brain to analyse it (WHO 4).The time baby is in womb they listen while mummy is talking or reading books, the unborn start collecting information since they are in womb.The kids are shapes by their parents inShow MoreRelatedThe Early Childhood Development Of Australia1269 Words   |  6 Pagesyears the early childhood sector in Australia has undergone a number of legislative and organizational changes, which have impacted on the overall structure of service provision in Australia. Initiatives introduced by the federal government have changed the face of childcare from simple ‘child minding’ services, to full early childhood educational facilities, offering comprehensive age specific ‘high quality’ educational curriculum, which cover all ages and stages of early childhood development. HistoricallyRead MoreEarly Childhood Education And Development853 Words   |  4 PagesDuring this class, we have discussed many topics from the importance of Early Childhood Education, through all of the developmental stages and into the roots of behavioral issues. I’d have to say out of all the topics, the importance of Early Childhood Education and how children develop and learn from week 2 is what has stuck out the most to me. I have even found myself explaining the importance to friends, with information I have learned from this course. For example, in a recent conversationRead MoreChild Development And Early Childhood Education Essay1193 Words   |  5 Pageshe location chosen to do the twelve hours of service learning participation was the Early Childhood Learning Center. Interviews to the agency occurred on November 8th and 9th. The Early Childhood Learning Center (ECLC) is a child development and early childhood education center. ECLC was established the fall of 1970 to provide Early Childhood Education Majors an opportunity to familiarize themselves with children and their characteristics. ECLC is a great facility that not only helps children butRead MoreThe Effects Of Storytelling On Early Childhood Development1759 Words   |  8 Pages The Effects of Storytelling on Early Childhood Development Jennifer Lisset Pacheco California State University, Fullerton The Effects of Storytelling on Early Childhood Development Young children are like sponges; they absorb information like a sponge absorbs water. It is essential for them to be emerged in an environment in which they can absorb positive information so that one day they can become contributing members of our society and have a better future. For this reason, there is a pronouncedRead MoreProfessional Development in Early Childhood Education Essay1320 Words   |  6 Pagesvery critical to his/her overall development, due to most of the time, teacher professionals are individuals who play the key and an active role in their early childhood development are teacher professionals who have a passion and a genuine desire to help them learn, grow and succeed in their education. These are just a few roles that early childhood educators plays in the field of early childhood education for working with young children in their early childhood years of life, which the requirementsRead MoreThe Impact Of Early Childhood Education On Child Development1298 W ords   |  6 PagesImpact of Early Childhood Education on Child Development Over the past century, the role of education has greatly increased in areas all over Canada. It has grown in not just in the number of students attending, but also in the ways it has been offered. Before the 1960’s, the education of children consisted solely of parenting done at home (Molnar, 2002, p. 2). Over time, due to the growing importance of education, schools have slowly begun to target younger and younger generations. As a resultRead MoreSocial Development During The Early Childhood Years864 Words   |  4 Pagesstudy, done in Pakistan, was to identify social development in the early childhood years. One hundred and forty, random selected, boys and girls from Lahore City were used in this study. Fifteen was randomly chosen from each of eight private schools between the ages of 3 and 8. They were divided into three groups; 3 to 4 year olds, 4 to 6 year olds and 6 to 8 year olds. A checklist was developed to help collect data about children’s social development , consisting of 53 questions and two columns ofRead MoreEarly Childhood Development : The Psychoanalytic Theories And The Constructivist Theories881 Words   |  4 PagesPlay is one of the most critical aspect of a child development. Play will positively affect a child physical, cognitive, emotional and social development. Children learns various skills through play that will benefit them for the rest of their life. Play helps children develop vocabulary and literacy capability, social skills. Research shows that children benefit, both from guided and unstructured play. Specialists define guided play as play structured to teach academic skills and concepts (RoskosRead MoreEarly Childhood Education : Children s Understanding And Development Essay826 Words   |  4 PagesEarly childhood education typically pertains to the education of children who range in age from babies to kindergarten age. This does not start and end inside the class room. Early childhood training is debatably t he most crucial phase of educational development as it is from this cornerstone that future development and learning happen. High quality programs need to incorporate teaching in reading capabilities, motor skills, vocabulary and communication abilities. This will create substantial benefitsRead MoreEarly Childhood Development Is A Beneficial Tool, It Should Not Be Mandatory916 Words   |  4 Pagesbuilt on self-discipline, self-reliance, and skill; therefore, the development of little ones must take center stage. However, this development is unique just as the children and the parents who are responsible for their upbringing are unique. While preschool programs can be a beneficial tool, it should not be mandatory because there is no significant evidence of success for federally funded programs; early childhood development occurs diversley among children; and parents alone are best qualified

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Comparitive Study Between Euripides’ Alcestis and Hippolytus Free Essays

Euripides, youngest of the three great Greek tragedians, was born c. 485 BC though he was scarcely a generation younger than Sophocles, his world view better reflects the political, social, and intellectual crises of late 5th-century Athens. Euripides’ enormous range spans contradictory tendencies:   He was both a rationalist and a romanticist;  he both criticized the traditional gods and celebrated religious phenomena He incorporated the new intellectual and scientific movements into his works but also conveyed the irresistible power of the irrational. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparitive Study Between Euripides’ Alcestis and Hippolytus or any similar topic only for you Order Now Original and experimental, he parodied the conventions of tragedy and also used new theories about the illusionist and deceptive powers of language. He created tragicomic plots. His Alcestis and Hippolytus are his two great plays. We will notice many similarities in Euripidean plays. There are many similarities in Alcestis and Hippolytus and also have some dissimilarities. Comparative studies between these plays are discussed below. In ancient Greek tragedy there has several parts—Prologue, Parados, Episode. the first Stasimon the second Episode, the second Stasimon, the third Episode, the third Stasimon, the fourth Episode, the fifth Stasimon and Exodos. The plot structures of both plays are same. In both play we find Prologue, Parados, Episode, the first Stasimon the second Episode, the second Stasimon, the third Episode, the third Stasimon, the fourth Episode, the fifth Stasimon and Exodos and also choral ode with strophe and antistrophe. In both play the unity of time, pla ce and action have been maintained. Both plays are written in Iambic Pentameter. Both Alcestis and Hippolytus open with prologue or monologue which is a common characteristic of Greek plays . In both plays the audience have lost their interest from the very beginning because everything has been told before in the prologue. The play Alcestis begins with the prologue of the god Apollo. Here Apollo stops death from taking the life of Admetus and predicts that Alcestis will die instead of Admetus. He also predicts that Alcestis’ life will be saved by Heracles, the demi god. Similarly the play Hippolytus also begins with the monologue of the goddess Aphrodite. In the play Aphrodite the goddess of love, is angry with Hippolytus because of his devotion to Artemis, the goddess of chastity and hunting. So she makes a plan to ruin the life of Hippolytus, phadra and Theseus as well. Chorus plays a very significant role in Greek plays. The appearance of chorus is mandatory in Greek plays. In the plays of Sophocles the chorus continually present on the stage. In Euripides the picture is quite different. His plays are relatively complex. He experienced difficulties in retaining chorus. In Alcestis The entry of the chorus, or the â€Å"parodos† sequence, follows: a chorus of fifteen men of Pherae, led by a â€Å"coryphaeus† (chorus-leader), enter the orchestra of the theatre. The chorus-leader complains that they are in a state of suspense, ignorant of whether they ought to be performing mourning rituals for their queen. The chorus’ lyrical ode, to which they dance as they sing, consists of two paired stanzas of strophe and antistrophe. They sing of the silence that greets their search for signs of mourning, the evidence of Alcestis’ death. When goodness dies,† they lament, â€Å"all good men suffer, too. † The chorus-leader concludes by dismissing the chorus’ search for hope in the situation: â€Å"The King has exhausted every ritual. † The Chorus is significant here and active. They informed the audience about what is happening inside the palace. Unlike Seneca’s chorus, the chorus is very active and pla ys a very important role. In Hippolytus the chorus is composed of fifteen women of Troy. In this play the chorus is mostly passive. For in a Sophoclean play the chorus announces new comers. In Hippolytus the chorus is not as active as Sophoclean tragedy. They inform the audience of the death of his wife. But under no circumstances could they speak of the criminal passion of Phaedra for Hippolytus. That would have been the height of impropriety. That is why Phaedra has to lay bare her heart to the Nurse. It is Artemis who informed Theseus of what actually happened. What mortals fail to do, Dues ex machine can. The choruses in Hippolytus therefore do not serve any important purpose as they do in the tragedies of Aeschylus and Sophocles. Euripides always highlights the role of servant or nurse throughout his plays. He always highlights the salve character. In Alcestis it is the servant who reveals the secret to Heracles that their queen is dead. Heracles gets drunk and begins irritating the servants, who loved their queen and are bitter at not being allowed to mourn her properly. Finally, one of the servants snaps at the guest and tells him what has happened. Heracles is terribly embarrassed at his blunder and his bad behavior, and he decides to ambush and confront Death and save Alcestis from the clutches of Death. Similarly in Hippolytus it is nurse who reveals the secret of her queen to Hippolytus which hastens the death of Phaedra. Phaedra took her Nurse into her confidence. But the nurse foolishly exposed the truth to Hippolytus. So we can say in both plays. Euripides reveals the truth by a slave character. Aeschylus and Sophocles had implicit faith in the Olympian gods and goddesses. Euripides had refined sensibility and looks at the divinities a little critically disciple of Xenophanes and Anaxagoras, he had a rational outlook on men and things. He was not a skeptic, far less an atheist. He profusely used the traditional myth and legends. In Alcestis, Admetus  forgot to sacrifice to Artemis, and consequently found his marriage chamber full of coiled serpents. Apollo bade King Admetus  appease the goddess, and meanwhile he obtained (because Admetus  1 was such a kind master towards him) a special favour of the MOERAE: that when Admetus  1 should be about to die, he might be released from death, if someone should choose voluntarily to die for him. â€Å"In Admetus I found a godly man. And so I rescued him from death by tricking the MOERAE. These goddesses promised me that Admetus could escape an immediate death by giving in exchange another corpse to the powers below. † (Apollo. Euripides, Alcestis 10). Alcestis dies in vicarious death Admetus could not find someone who would die for him. Only because of the role of Apollo, Admetus’ life saves and Alcestis dies instead of him. Euripides makes gods and goddesses questionable. In Alcestis, Alcestis dies because Admetus could not find someone who would die for him. Only because of the role of Apollo, Admetus’ life saves and Alcestis dies instead of him. Here the justice of Apollo is definitely questionable. In Hippolytus, the Olympian gods and goddesses plays a very important role although they are presented in the play in an unpleasant way. Hippolytus is very much devoted to the goddess Artemis and do not worship Aphrodite which makes the goddess angry and she made a plan which ruins the life of Hippolytus, Phaedra and Theseus as well. The main theme of this play is the conflict between love and chastity, infact it is the conflict between Aphrodite and Artemis. Artemis is not also totally blameless. She could have save her favorite but didn’t do so. Although the god Poseidon does not appear physically but he plays a very significant role in this play. He too is responsible for the death of Hippolytus. Euripides portrayal of women in his plays has been somewhat bizarre. His female characters kill out of revenge, kill out of jealousy and kill because a god possessed them too. Women occasionally assert dominance in the household; although, even within the home they posses limited influence over their husbands. An interesting theme runs through Euripides theatrical tragedies Alcestis and Hippolytus. In each play the lead female character forgoes her life for the sake of love. In Alcestis, Alcestis willingly gives her life to prevent her husband Admentus’ death. In Hippolytus, Phaedra chooses to commits suicide as a result of falling in love with her husband’s son and refusing to be deceitful to her husband. Although Alcestis’ love should be considered as moral and virtuous where as Phaedra’s passion for her son was immoral, incestuous and illegal. In these two plays, a major female character challenges the predominately masculine centre pf power and authority and in some way questions the limits of that power. Alcestis forces her husband to confront the gap between the value that he attaches to family ties and affections and the honorific exchange of guest relationship that belong to the outward-facing world of male prerogatives. Phaedra’s erotic passion invades the garden world of idealized purity that Hippolytus would create with his virginal huntress-goddess, Artemis and shatters its defense by opening it up to the power of Aphrodite that he has rejected (both for himself and others) so absolutely. In the process, Phaedra also releases the suppressed violence and hatred that fuel Hippolytus’ total rejection of Aphrodite. .Although Phaedra has passionate desires for her stepson she is thoroughly ashamed of these feelings and as a result of her shame she decides to die by starving herself. She also condemns women who are unfaithful to their husbands as she says ‘And I despise them, women who preach faithfulness to husbands but dare the worst behind their backs. ’ Euripides, therefore, presents Phaedra as a moral woman who is just an unlucky victim of Aphrodite In these two cases the women are impelled to their actions by their intense emotional commitment to house and family. Alcestis and Phaedra both try to ensure their children’s future; and each is prepared to sacrifice her life in the process, although in diametrically opposite ways. In the play Hippolytus we notice the growth and development in Phaedra’s character. She is a dynamic or round character. But Alcestis does not have any growth and development throughout the play. She is a static character. Unlike Phaedra she plays a trivial role in the play. There is a question whether Euripides is misogynist or not. Euripides’ innovation in his Hippolytus is to cast the woman as a sympathetic character, Aphrodite’s helpless victim caught in a divine plan to destroy Hippolytus. His audience expects to see the wicked woman vilified and the virtuous youth exalted; that is the tradition. Instead, Euripides portrays his Phaedra as a highly moral woman struggling against the shame of her passion, while Hippolytus is an intolerant prig. Alcestis’ love is virtual, a sacred love for a husband. But Phaedra’s love for his step son has been considered in the play as sickness. She became love sick. Since her love is not pure like Alcestis so her love defined as sickness throughout the play. Euripides’ sympathetic tone is toward woman is also expressed in the play Alcestis. Alcestis’ fate can be viewed as a reflection of the male- dominated world of fifth- century Athens- her death is decided by her husband, in that he allows her to take his pre-ordained place in Hades; her rescue from Death comes only through Heracles’ intervention. Being led silently from the tomb perhaps symbolizes the woman’s role in the Athenian household as a subordinate figure, from whom it was preferred to hear little. In all, the play shows that the rules of the male world, guest- friendship and hospitality in particular, are more important that the whims of a female, even her dying wish are disregarded. So he can’t be considered as misogynist. Heroes are undistinguished in Euripidean plays. They do not have much heroic qualities. They are very common and simple rather heroines are more focused in Euripidean play. For example in Alcestis, Admetus’ role is not heroic rather he is coward and self centered. He has not any growth and development. Alcestis sacrifices her own life for her husband, Admetus just laments on her wife’s death. He does not try anything to save her beloved wife’s life. Rather it was Heracles who save the Alcestis life and rescued her. In Hippolytus, we notice the growth and development of Phaedra’s character. Phaedra’s love, her passion, her struggle and her death makes her a round character. But Hippolytus’ remains quite inactive throughout the play. He has no contribution to the action of the play. Phaedra and Aphrodite play the main role in this play. They are more focused than Theseus or Hippolytus. According to Aristotle a hero should not be too good or too bad. Hippolytus is too good. He is a debatable hero. He has no growth and development. Unlike Phaedra he is a static character. Deus ex machine is a technique where a god or artificial or improbable device introduced into a play to resolve the entanglements of the plot. This technique is frequently used by Euripides. In the play Alcestis, Heracles acted as Dues ex machine. In the play Hippolytus it is the goddess Artemis who is presented as Dues ex machine. Alcestis is considered as a satyr play. Alcestis is a domestic tragicomedy with a mixture of fairy tale atmosphere and intense personal suffering that in the extant plays reappears again. Although the play begins with a gloomy and tragic mood but the ending of this play is joyous. It has a happy ending though artificial. So this play is considered as a tragicomedy. His play Hippolytus explores the nature of passion, the problem of communication and language and the emotional and the moral pitfalls of intense aspiration and one-sided devotion to the ideal. This play is totally a tragedy. In this play Phaedra commit suicide and the play ends with death Hippolytus. Obviously this play does not end with a happy tone. So it has been considered as a pure example of tragedy. Euripides has come to be increasingly appreciated in modern times for his intellectual subtlety, bold and original dramatic power, brilliant psychological insight, and ability to elicit unexpected symbolic meaning from ancient myth and cult. Critics find the Alcestis a richly rewarding play in many areas. D. J. Conacher explores how Euripides expanded the myth of Admetus and Alcestis, adding comic and folk tale elements to suit the needs of his tragedy. In Hippolytus, he also adapts the myth of Pasiphae the mother of Phaedra and Ariadne, the sister of her. But he relates it to the play by his own way. Throughout his works Euripides struggled to show the human side of his characters and tried to elevate their actions to a status of importance and not just as a consequence of the intervention of the gods. For this reason Euripides stands apart as does his works. How to cite Comparitive Study Between Euripides’ Alcestis and Hippolytus, Papers

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Problems of an Ethnocentric Viewpoint-Free-Sample for Students

Question: What are the problems of an ethnocentric viewpoint if you are trying to communicate with a person/group from another culture? Answer: Intercultural communication is the very debatable issue these days. This is because the countries and the businesses are becoming multicultural and diversified and thus the people have to communicate with other people from different culture. As the culture of the people is different thus, it becomes difficult for them to understand the perspectives of each other. This is because of the values and the beliefs of the people that are based on the culture of the people. Due to these differences in language, culture, beliefs etc., many barriers to communication developed and this makes the communication less effective in nature. Ethnocentrism is one of the major barriers to communication (Kinder and Kam, 2010). Ethnocentrism can be considered as the belief in the superiority of the ones own ethnic group. It can be described as the feeling of the people who judge anothers culture solely on the beliefs and values of their own. It has been analysed that the people with the behaviour or nature of being ethnocentric tends to be biased for their own culture and do not easily accept the other culture (Hsu and Nien, 2008). These ethnic distinctions and divisions act as the basis for cultural identity. Ethnocentrism may be overt or subtle, and while it is considered a natural proclivity of human psychology in everyday life, it has developed a generally negative connotation (Zafer Erdogan and Uzkurt, 2010). As far as the business communication is concerned, it has been realized that conducting business communication across the organisation with ethnic diversities is very difficult. It has been analysed that many problem rose due to change in culture and thus the perceptions of the people regarding the similar situation (Jang, 2013). When any of the individual from one culture unable to understand the culturally determined differences or perceptions in communication practices, values, beliefs, morals of another person from different culture than it creates issues. The main reason that has been found for the problem is the ethnocentric nature of one of the other person. If one person clings to the ethnocentric nature or view then it becomes a problematic situation for both to communicate effectively. Ethnocentrism is considered as deceptive in nature because the people like this perceive their own culture as right and logical. It becomes difficult for them to understand the fact that each culture has its own set of values and it needs to be respected (Dong, Day and Collao, 2008). In international business, queries arise concerning what is proper by which culture's standards, what is wise by which culture's opinion of the world, and what is right by whose morals. Since, it is very difficult to understand that who the person is, it is required to be very careful while communicating in the multicultural organization. It is necessary to try to rise above culturally imbued ways of viewing the world. For this it is required by the individual to understand that how the perception of the people changes and how it is intensely dependent on the culture of that individual. As far as the theoretical point of view is concerned, it has been realized that Realistic conflict theory assumes that ethnocentric behavior is created because of the perceived conflict between the two ethnic groups that are competing for the scarce resources (Samovar, et al. 2014). The dominant groups usually develop antagonist feeling towards the other groups that are new to them. There re several issues and problems that may create because of the ethnocentric behavior when communication is conducted between the people with tow different culture. The first problem that occurs is misunderstning.as discussed that every individual with different culture have different perception about the similar situation. But, as the individuals who are conducting and intercultural communication are ethnocentric, they always try to understand the things from their perceptive and thus misunderstanding between the people occurs (Neuliep, 2012). Another issue that may rise due to ethnocentric nature is social instability in the culture and the society. Some people feel inferiors in front of others and thus loose the chance of upgrading themselves in the society. They do not get the equal opportunities to have access on the things that needs to be equally distributed to the whole society. This inferiority complex again results in groupism amongst the society. Groupism is the issue that increases the gap between the social cultures and the different ethnic groups. This breaks down the unity of the place and also results more and more disputes amongst the people that ruins the peace. The above discussed ethnocentricity is because of the differences in the culture and the beliefs. There is different kind of ethnocentricity that distinguishes the society into implicit and explicit society. In the condition of being explicit, the respondents have negative perceptions about the outsider groups or other groups and they behave negatively towards them. Whole in case of implicit ethnocentric behavior, the people with outsider group does not get the equal legal rights and this results in segregating of the whole society on the basis of religion, education, housing, participation etc (Arasaratnam and Banerjee, 2011). This determines that ethnocentricity is not a negative word but it may create negatively in the society if expressed in wrong way. Having superior perception about owns culture is not wrong but disrespecting others culture and judging the people on the basis of own values and beliefs create the difference in the society and ruins the peace (Arasaratnam and Banerjee, 2011). It is not only in the society but if the intercultural communication occurs in the organization then the scenario become worsen as the management finds it very difficult to deal with such ethnocentric behavior of the people that spoils the organization and working environment of the company. References: Arasaratnam, L.A. and Banerjee, S.C., 2011. Sensation seeking and intercultural communication competence: A model test.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,35(2), pp.226-233. Dong, Q., Day, K.D. and Collao, C.M., 2008. Overcoming ethnocentrism through developing intercultural communication sensitivity and multiculturalism.Human Communication,11(1), pp.27-38. Hsu, J.L. and Nien, H.P., 2008. Who are ethnocentric? 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